Brightwell

Overview Highly-concentrated, extended activity iodide solution. Provides iodide, which is important to hermatypic corals and other invertebrates harboring zooxanthellae, macroalgae, and also to the health of fishes. Stronger than most competing products. The nature of iodide sources used makes Iodion more effective than standard iodide-solutions. Suitable for use by aquarium hobbyists of all skill and experience levels. Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background Presence of iodine is vital to hermatypic invertebrates because it is used to detoxify excess oxygen produced by zooxanthellae. This oxygen irritates sensitive tissue. Corals and clams that appear to shrivel or close under intense lighting are likely attempting to shade their zooxanthellae symbionts to reduce the rate of oxygen production. Iodide essentially bonds with oxygen to form non-toxic iodate, relieving the need to shield zooxanthellae and enabling the host organism to open more fully. The predominant form of iodine in seawater is iodide. The natural seawater concentration of all iodine species combined is approximately 0.06 ppm, classifying it as a minor element. Even in this small concentration, iodine is required for survival of fishes, crustaceans, macroalgae and kelp, and hermatypic invertebrates alike. The importance of iodine in a reef aquarium cannot be overstated. Iodine binds rapidly with latent organic material and is passively removed by aggressive protein skimming and the use of organic-adsorption products such as activated carbon and specialty resins. The combined biological and chemical depletion of iodine necessitate that its concentration be monitored and the aquarium supplemented as needed. The rate at which iodine is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions. Once the rate of iodine uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory. Instructions and Guidelines Basic: Shake product well before using. Add the amount recommended on the bottle to maintain the iodine concentration within a range of 0.04 - 0.06 ppm.  Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Contact poison control center if ingested.

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Overview Raises alkalinity, adjusts pH to 8.3 Unlike single component KH products such as sodium carbonate, Alkalin 8.3 is a multi-component automatic buffer that regulates pH and its use makes for a much more stable aquarium.  Eliminates pH and KH instability caused by poor salt mixes and ineffective buffering products. Highly-effective alkalinity(KH)-increasing (”buffer”) solution. Helps increase pH Stability in an aquarium by raising the alkalinity. Provides a source of carbonates, which make up the majority by weight of aragonite, the mineral secreted by reef-building organisms as skeletal material. Continued addition raises pH until 8.3 is reached, at which point the pH remains unchanged and the alkalinity alone increases. Over 50% stronger than most competing products. Free of phosphates, silicate, and organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist Sizes 250ml | 500ml Technical Background Alkalinity, also referred to as carbonate hardness or buffering capacity, is essentially a means of quantifying the stability of pH in a solution, such as aquarium water. Alkalinity is of extreme importance in a marine aquarium, owing to the manner in which it influences pH. In an aquarium, weak acids formed by oxygen respiration and the decomposition of organic material gradually deplete alkalinity. If left unchecked, the alkalinity drops below a critical level and pH begins to fluctuate more wildly than is normally suggested (a daily pH shift of +/-0.2 is normal in marine aquaria), causing stress to livestock. Alkalinity is also depleted by reef-building organisms during the production of aragonite (~60% carbonates by weight), and is therefore very important for their rapid growth. Maintaining the alkalinity in marine aquaria between 7.5 - 9.5 dKH (2.7 - 3.4 meq/L) will generally maintain pH within the desired range. The rate at which alkalinity is depleted in a reef aquarium is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, rate of water circulation, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of alkalinity supplementation. Once the rate of alkalinity depletion in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build. For additional information on alkalinity and other important aspects of marine chemistry for marine aquaria. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory. Instructions and Guidelines Basic: Shake product well before using. Add product at the maximum rate of 5 ml (1 capful) per 30 US-gallons daily until the desired alkalinity is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below) to maintain alkalinity between 7 - 12 dKH. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,500 US-gallons (5,678 L). Advanced: Determine the alkalinity in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Shake product well before using. Each ml of Brightwell Aquatics Alkalin8.3 will increase the alkalinity in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by 3.1 dKH (1.1 meq/L). If the initial alkalinity in the aquarium is below 7 dKH (2.5 meq/L), add this product at the maximum rate of 5 ml per 10 US-gallons daily until the desired alkalinity is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). For minor adjustments to alkalinity, add 5 ml (1 tsp) of Alkalin8.3 per 30 US-gallons of aquarium water as needed to maintain the alkalinity within the proper range. Always try to maintain the alkalinity within a range of +/-1 dKH. To determine the rate of alkalinity depletion once the desired alkalinity has been acquired, measure the alkalinity at the same time each day over a one- to two-week period. To determine the daily dosing rate (preferable to weekly dosing) for alkalinity maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; divide the daily decrease in alkalinity by 3.1 (when measuring alkalinity by dKH; divide by 1.1 when measuring by meq/L); multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable alkalinity. Daily dosing maintains a more stable alkalinity and pH (and a more natural environment) than dosing weekly, in which the alkalinity spikes just after dosing and then gradually decreases throughout the course of the week. Problem pH Aquariums:  Aquaria with low circulation at the water’s surface, or in which a CO2-injected calcium reactor is being employed, or which are placed in an enclosed room with human and animal inhabitants (giving off CO2 into the air), often have a depressed pH due to carbon dioxide build up. Boost pH+ can help overcome this along with other measures, such as providing outside air to the skimmer intake port or other methods to control CO2 and bring pH in the aquarium back into a higher desired range without raising alkalinity to an unacceptable level. Use Boost pH+ as directed and do not exceed a pH value of 8.5, because pH at 8.6 or higher may be stressful and/or damaging to sensitive aquairum inhabitants. Additionally, changes to pH should be made very gradually, again to avoid stressing aquarium inhabitants. See suggestions for adjusting alkalinity below. It is not unusual for pH to fluctuate throughout the course of 24-hours between seemingly wide-ranging values (i.e. lower at night higher during the middle of the day); this is a natural occurrence that is caused by changes in the rates of photosynthesis between dark and light periods. If pH levels are seen to be constantly below the desired level and alkalinity is within the proper range, then the addition of Boost pH+, this product, may be very helpful. Caution: Contains carbonate and bicarbonate salts; harmful if swallowed. If swallowed: give water, get medical attention. May cause eye or skin irritation. If in eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes, get medical attention. If on skin, wash thoroughly with water. Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Ingredients: Purified water, inorganic Bicarbonate, Carbonate, Sulfate, Borate salts, proprietary ingredients

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Overview Helps maintain a balanced nutrient-limited marine aquarium by enabling the hobbyist to enhance the rate of microbial growth and reproduction, increasing the rate of phosphate-reduction and denitrification; this is of particular benefit in heavily-stocked, well-fed reef aquaria. Replaces “vodka method” of microbial activity-enhancement with a completely safe and biologically-sound, non-flammable alternative to using vodka or ethanol. Indirectly benefits corals and other suspension-feeding invertebrates by encouraging reproduction of bacterioplankton (an important food source for suspension-feeding invertebrates). Encourages polyp-expansion in all corals. May be used to help expedite biological filtration in new set-ups. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background The concept of biological filtration is simply to utilize living organisms to remove substances from aquatic systems as a natural result of their respiration and metabolic processes. This mode of filtration is at work in any aquarium system housing live organisms, though microbes (e.g. various types of bacteria) are arguably responsible for the majority of nutrient-remineralization that takes place; oceanographic studies have shown that up to 90% of the dissolved organic carbon present in seawater may be assimilated by planktonic bacteria (bacterioplankton) into new biomass. This nutrient assimilation simultaneously removes nitrogen (as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) and phosphorus (as phosphate) from the water, making bacterioplankton a very effective sink of dissolved organic material that would otherwise fuel the growth of organisms such as cyanobacteria and filamentous algae in aquaria. Bacterioplankton are also an important food source for organisms that are able to capture them from the water column. In a sense, utilizing these microbes to control dissolved organic material and then gradually removing the microbes themselves on a continuous basis through protein skimming and the feeding activities of corals, clams, tube worms, tunicates, sponges, and their respective allies, becomes an effective means of nutrient-harvest. Simultaneously, it promotes the health of these suspension-feeding organisms through constant feeding (encouraging polyp-expansion in many types of corals), and promotes water quality. The entire process requires that adequate carbon be present in a usable form. In aquaria with a tendency towards elevated phosphate and nitrate concentrations, an appropriate source of carbon may quickly become depleted. Reef BioFuel provides a source of bioavailable carbon to ensure that nutrient remineralization is efficient and effective. Instructions and Guidelines Shake product well before using. The main goal of using Reef BioFuel is to provide a source of organic carbon to bacterioplankton, enabling them to assimilate available phosphate and nitrate into new biomass (removing these nutrients from the water column and making them unavailable for uptake by cyanobacteria and algae); the resulting increase in bacterioplankton biomass is then removed from the aquarium via protein skimming and through the feeding activities of suspension-feeding invertebrates such as corals, clams, tube worms, tunicates, sponges, and their respective allies. In this fashion, good water quality is maintained, a food source is provided to many aquarium inhabitants, and a large percentage of the assimilated nutrients are directly removed from the system (via protein skimming). Do not use this product in any aquarium in which active and effective protein skimming is not in use. The skimmer may be turned off for a few (e.g. 2 - 6) hours following addition of Reef BioFuel to the aquarium to enable nutrient uptake and assimilation, whereupon skimming should be resumed; the use of a timer and automated doser to control protein skimming and dosing is a simple and effective means of accomplishing this. Alternately, the product may be effectively employed without turning skimming off at all. Grossly overdosing Reef BioFuel will not significantly increase the effectiveness of the product, nor the rate at which it enacts changes in aquaria; in fact, it may have a deleterious effect on water quality if not used as directed. The following recommendations are based upon extensive testing and will produce the best results in most aquaria; dosage may be adjusted according to perceived benefit to aquarium with time. Medium- to High-nutrient Systems: Add 5 ml (1 capful) per 50 US-gallons (189.3 L) [≈2 drops per gallon (3.8 L)] of aquarium water daily. Monitor concentrations of phosphate and nitrate with accurate test kits; phosphate and nitrate should eventually become immeasurable (or nearly so) when a balance is reached between the rates of nutrient-input and nutrient-assimilation. Thereafter, switch to “low-nutrient” dosage (below). Low-nutrient Systems: Add 5 ml (1 capful) per 100 US-gallons (378.5 L) [≈1 drop per gallon (3.8 L)] of aquarium water daily. With time, hobbyists may determine that decreasing the dosage and/or dosing frequency by up to 50% sufficiently maintains a low-nutrient environment. During changes in biological filtration or when increasing the aquarium bioload, dose 1 drop per 50 US-gallons daily for one week, then resume “low-nutrient” dosage. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Ingredients: Purified water, proprietary blend of ACS Reagent-grade organic carbon sources.

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Overview Complex of free-form amino acids in the same ratios found within tissues of stony corals. Beneficial to all corals (stony and soft), as well as solitary and colonial polyps. Widely used by professional coral farmers to increase growth rate and coloration Free-form amino acids:1. Provide the building blocks of coral tissue in ideal ratios to encourage the formation of new tissue.2. Encourage new tissue growth to repair damage incurred during fragmentation and propagation.3. Encourage growth by budding and fission.4. Encourage vibrant coloration. Formulated based on data compiled by oceanographers researching coral tissue profiles. Requires cool storage, not refrigeration Sizes 30ml | 60ml  Technical Background Brightwell Aquatics CoralAminō is a complex that closely approximates ratios of amino acids present in many species of stony corals; the formulation is based upon extensive research conducted on tropical coral reefs by oceanographic researchers. While the ratios of amino acids present in coral tissue vary between species, general ratios are approximately maintained, enabling an effective average to be created that will benefit not only stony corals, but also soft corals, solitary, and colonial polyps (e.g. Xenia, Anthelia, Zoanthus, Discoma, Actinodiscus, etc.). The amino acids are present in their most elementary form (”free-form”) rather than being accounted for by their presence in a food or complex nutrient; in this fashion, they are readily available to corals and their allies. The main benefit of this quality is the ease in which corals can assimilate the amino acids into their tissue for the purpose of growth and tissue repair. Secondary benefits of some amino acids are their role in enhancing the coloration of corals. Corals maintained under optimal chemical and environmental conditions are able to reproduce (both sexually and asexually) more rapidly when the required nutrients are available. The presence of these free-form amino acids is particularly important to corals that have undergone, or will undergo, fragmenting or other means of propagation in which some amount of tissue is damaged. Instructions and Guidelines Shake product well before using. Turn protein skimmer and other forms of mechanical filtration off prior to adding CoralAminō to aquaria, and allow 10 - 15 minutes after use before resuming operation of filtration.  Do not place the product's glass dropper directly into aquarium water or allow aquarium water to enter the product.  Doing so will contaminate the product and encourage it to decompose.  If you have gotten aquarium water on the dropper, then refrigerate the product until entirely used up.  Also, clean dropper glass tube with hot water and soap.  Alternately you may soak the dropper tube in hydrogen peroxide to disinfect it. Target Feeding (recommended): Pour 1 ml (~20 drops) into a small container and suck a portion into feeding device, then slowly discharge contents 2 - 4” upstream of target organism(s). Repeat these steps as deemed necessary, and based on heavy coral load.  You may increase dosage up to the Maximum dose, see below.Broadcast Feeding: Add 1 ml (~20 drops) per 50 gallons of water in an area of rapid water movement daily.  Use more if desired and you have a heavy coral load, but do not exceed the Maximum dose, see below. Maximum Dose: The maximum recommended dosage of CoralAminō or total liquid foods is 5 ml per 50 gallons of tank capacity per day for the first few weeks of use.  Thereafter the dosage can be gradually increased depending on animal load and perceived nutritional need.  This quantity is suggested based on using Brightwell liquid foods.  Other foods, particularly dried foods may be more polluting and caution should be exercised so that you don't overload the tank with nutrients.  Pay attention to keep skimmer adjusted and other aspects of proper filtration. Boosting the nutritional profile of any food: It is always a good idea to add vitamins, minerals and amino acids to any foods your are feeding.  You can also add garlic or other healthy nutritional ingredients.  Food Rotation: Foods for corals should be rotated to provide variety and a more complete nutritional profile.  Brightwell recommends that you don't just mix all your foods together and feed the same thing every day.  Feeding a broad range of nutrients will more closely simulate what animals encounter in their natural habitat.  Do some research on your animals to see what their nutritional needs are.  Brightwell makes a number of different planktonic and particulate foods that can be rotated to provide a more balanced diet.  These can be fed in addition to the CoralAminō and Restōr which can be fed every day along with those foods. A word about feeding Sponges:  Sponges respond well to Coral Amino and to planktonic foods.  In addition, it is absolutely necessary to use a silicate booster. Using a Doser: Coral Amino works well in most dosers.  Even though we recommend shaking the bottle before use, this product stays dissolved quite well and it usually isn't necessary to stir during automatic dosing.  The biggest pitfall of using an automatic doser is keeping the product fresh.  Because it is basically a protein, it can rot if the preservatives are diluted, so it is best to use in a doser at full strength.  If you dilute it, the preservatives will be diluted and may not keep the product fresh.  If you dilute it, pay special attention to foul odors.  If they occur, then rotting is occuring and you must discontinue dilution.  Also, the holding vessel and tubing should be washed and rinsed well once a week or so to prevent bacteria build up.  Hydrogen Peroxide (3% from a drug store) will work well as a cleaning fluid.  Soak the vessel with full strength hydrogen peroxide and fill the lines with it occasionally to kill any bacteria and clean the system.  You can also run it through the pump. If a little H2O2 gets into your aquarium, it won't hurt anything. Use in Fish Foods:  Coral Amino can be added to any coral food mixture to fortify it and also may be fed to fish fry or even adults or blended or used as a soak for almost any food. Storage: Keep in a cool dry location between 34 and 80 degrees F.  Short excursions of temperature during shipping is well tolerated by the product.  Freezing will not damage the product, but do not subject to repeated freezing and thawing.  Refrigeration is not required, but it will significantly prolong the shelf life of the product. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Moisture (max) 99.00%, crude protein (min) 1.00%, crude fat (min) 0%, crude fiber (min) 0% Ingredients: Purified water, proprietary complex of free-form amino acids, proprietary base.

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Overview Highly-concentrated ionic magnesium solution. Provides magnesium, which helps regulate the balance between calcium andcarbonates in aquarium water, and is a component of aragonite, the mineralsecreted by reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, and their allies toform skeletal material. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no unwanted organic material such as EDTA, gluconate, or polygluconate. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background Magnesium plays a vital role in reef aquaria: it helps maintain calcium and carbonate (composing the majority of measurable alkalinity) concentrations by limiting unwanted inorganic precipitation with each other. In the absence of adequate magnesium ions, calcium and carbonate ions bond rapidly, depleting their concentrations in the system and creating the false impression that heavier supplementation is required to re-establish the desired concentrations. No matter how much calcium is added, its natural seawater concentration of 412 ppm will never be sustained until the magnesium concentration begins to approach 1,290 ppm. Once the balance between calcium and magnesium has been established, subsequent calcium supplementation yields immediate positive results. Keeping magnesium within a range of 1,290-1,320 ppm will maintain the desired balance, and provides enough of the element to reef-building organisms for the formation of aragonite (~0.10% Mg by weight). The rate at which magnesium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of magnesium supplementation. Once the rate of magnesium uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory. Instructions and Guidelines Basic: Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 20 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the magnesium concentration within a range of 1,290 - 1,320 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,000 US-gallons (3,785 L). Advanced: Determine the magnesium concentration in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Shake this product well before using. Each ml of Magnesion will increase the concentration of magnesium (“[Mg2+]”) in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by 26 ppm. If the initial [Mg2+] in the aquarium is below 1,288 ppm, add this product at the maximum rate of 10 ml per 20 US-gallons daily until the desired concentration is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Always try to maintain the [Mg2+] within a range of +/-10 ppm. To determine the dosing rate of this product once the desired [Mg2+] has been acquired, measure the daily rate of magnesium uptake (i.e. the decrease in magnesium) in your aquarium by measuring the aquarium's [Mg2+] at the same time each day over a one- to two-week period. To determine the daily dosing rate (preferable to weekly dosing) for magnesium maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; divide the daily decrease in [Mg2+] by 26; multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable [Mg2+]. Daily dosing maintains a more stable [Mg2+] (and more natural environment) than dosing weekly, in which the [Mg2+] spikes just after dosing and then gradually decreases throughout the course of the week. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Magnesium (min) 2,959 mg/oz. (100,000 ppm) Ingredients: Purified water, Magnesium sulfate, Magnesium chloride

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Overview Complex system of non-pathogenic microbes and natural enzymes, specifically formulated to clean aquarium live rock and decorations. Professionals use MicrōBacterCLEAN to combat the "ugly stage," that time right after initial cycling when the tank is starting to season.  Prevents much of the ugliness For best results, use MicrōBacterStart XLM to start the aquarium and then switch to MicrōBacterCLEAN after the initial cycle. Sizes 250ml | 500mL Benefits 1. Natural cleaning action on all aquarium and decoration surfaces.2. Loosening of ugly accumulations of unwanted substances and coatings which makes their removal by scraping and vacuuming much easier.3. Establishment of bacterial colonies that multiply and continue to clean the aquarium4. Prevents much of the ugliness of the "ugly stage," "those months just after the initial cycle"5. Rapid reduction of organic carbon, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate.6. Digestion of uneaten/undigested food, excreta, detritus, and other latent organic material, resulting in cleaner and healthier aquarium substrate (without having to physically clean or disturb the substrate bed). Technical Background The concentration of dissolved and particulate organic materials in any aquatic environment can have a significant impact on the overall appearance of, as well as the health of organisms residing within, that system. Relatively low-nutrient environments are characterized by high water clarity, lack of unpleasant odors, and absence of unsightly coatings; this is collectively a result of the lack of nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and carbon-based waste available. Aquaria that are relatively rich in available nutrients have characteristics opposite to the afore mentioned, and are typically not desirable because of the resultant appearance of the system and the difficulty of maintaining healthy aquarium inhabitants. Brightwell Aquatics MicrōBacterCLEAN is a selective complex of extremely effective microbes and enzymes that not only reduce the concentrations of organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and organic carbon in all marine ecosystems, but make maintenance easy by actually loosening accumulations and coatings. Notes: It is normal that clumps may form in the product and the product and the aquarium may have an “earthy” smell or smell “off” and the aquarium water could become cloudy and the smell and cloudiness could remain for many hours after using. This is due to the bacteria themselves and is an indication of quality and is the reason it is necessary to shake product well immediately before using. MicrōBacterCLEAN does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area or refrigeration at 50 degrees Fahrenheit will prolong the activity, and maximize the shelf-life of the product. Keep away from heat! Instructions and Guidelines Shake product well before using. Mix appropriate volume of MicrōBacterCLEAN (see below) with 250-ml (~8 fl. oz.) of aquarium water in a clean container prior to addition to aquarium. If using a pipette to dispense MicrōBacterCLEAN below water level of container or aquarium, be sure to thoroughly clean pipette with fresh water prior to placing tube back into MicrōBacterCLEAN bottle; failure to do so will contaminate the product. Best results may be obtained by adding mixture to external biological filtration system. Works particularly well with Xport. Do not add to pump intake port(s). Turn protein skimming and UV-sterilization off for a period of 4 hours following addition to aquaria. While utilizing MicrōBacterCLEAN continue good maintenance practices such as regular vacuuming, using purified water for additions, and limiting the addition of unnecessary nutrients. For normal cleaning and to maintain a clean aquarium: Add 20 ml (4 capfuls) per 25 US-gallons (94.6 L) [≈16 drops per gallon (3.8 L)] of aquarium water weekly. For problem aquariums or to rapidly accelerate cleaning: Add 30 ml (6 capfuls) per 25 US-gallons (94.6 L) [≈24 drops per gallon (3.8 L)] of aquarium water on the first day, then add Add 5 ml (1 capful) per 25 US-gallons (94.6 L) [≈4 drops per gallon (3.8 L)] of aquarium water daily for 2 weeks or longer as necessary until desired results are achieved. NOTE: Bacteria work slowly, so full results can take up to 8 to 10 weeks for long neglected systems.  If you judge the results based on 3 weeks, you will not realize how well the product is actually doing! Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Ingredients: Purified water, proprietary blend of natural enzymes and non-pathogenic, beneficial microorganisms.

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Overview The calcium-bearing component of a two-part method for dosing calcium andcarbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity(”buffering capacity”)) in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Ionically-balanced with respect to natural seawater concentrations of calcium andcarbonates when used in equal amounts with Reef Cōde B. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist.   Sizes 250ml | 500ml | 2L | 20L Technical Background This method of calcium and carbonate supplementation is advantageous to hobbyists interested in a simple and effective means of providing the very elements and molecules required for growth of reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, and their allies. Corals and other reef-building organisms require adequate and stable available calcium and alkalinity if they are to thrive, regardless of how perfect the remainder of their environment is. Under most conditions, the mineral that is secreted as skeletal material is known as Aragonite, composed mostly of carbonate and calcium by weight. Reef-building organisms must extract these substances from the surrounding water in order to secrete new skeletal material for growth. By maintaining the same ratio of calcium ions and carbonates in an aquarium as that found in natural seawater, these organisms have the necessary building blocks available in the proper proportions, even if the hobbyist chooses to maintain higher concentrations of these substances. For maximum effectiveness of the Reef Cōde method, the magnesium concentration in reef aquaria should be adjusted to, and maintained between, 1,290 - 1,320 ppm before using these products (alone or together) or any other calcium and alkalinity products. Doing so helps prevent unwanted precipitation between calcium and carbonate ions. Additional information on this subject is available on our website and on the label for Brightwell Aquatics Magnesion. The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation. Once the rate of calcium uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. Instructions and Guidelines Basic: Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the calcium concentration within a range of 412 - 450 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,250 US-gallons (4,732 L). When used in equal amounts with Reef Cōde B, the calcium and carbonates being added are in the same ratio found in natural seawater. Do not mix products in the same container; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. Allow 60 seconds to pass between dosing Reef Cōde A and B. Advanced: Determine the calcium concentration in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Shake this product well before each use. Each ml of Brightwell Aquatics Reef Cōde A will increase the concentration of calcium (“[Ca2+]”) in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by approximately 16 ppm. If the initial [Ca2+] in the aquarium is below 412 ppm, add this product at the maximum rate of 5 ml per 10 US-gallons daily until the desired calcium concentration is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Note that each aquarium has different requirements for calcium and carbonates (which largely constitute Alkalinity or Buffering Capacity, hence pH-stability); therefore, it is not uncommon for unequal amounts of Reef Cōde A and B to be required for obtaining and maintaining the desired calcium concentration and alkalinity. To determine the daily dosing rate for calcium maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; divide the daily decrease in [Ca2+] by 16; multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable [Ca2+]. Caution: May cause eye or skin irritation. Flush with water for 15 minutes if in eyes, seek medical attention if irritation persists. Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Calcium (min) 1,774 mg/oz. (60,000 ppm)Magnesium (min) 42 mg/oz. (1,500 ppm)Strontium (min) 36 mg/oz. (1,200 ppm Ingredients: Purified water, Calcium chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Strontium chloride, Magnesium chloride

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Overview The carbonate-bearing component of a two-part method for dosing calcium andcarbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity(”buffering capacity”)) in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Unlike single component KH products such as sodium carbonate, Reef Code B is a multi-component automatic buffer that regulates pH and its use makes for a much more stable aquarium.  Eliminates pH and KH instability caused by poor salt mixes and ineffective buffering products.  Also adds multiple major, minor and trace minerals.  Ionically-balanced with respect to natural seawater concentrations of calcium and carbonates when used in equal amounts with Reef Cōde A. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background This method of calcium and carbonate supplementation is advantageous to hobbyists interested in a simple and effective solution to providing the very elements and molecules required for growth of reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, and their allies. Corals and other reef-building organisms require adequate and stable available calcium and alkalinity if they are to thrive, regardless of how perfect the remainder of their environment is. Under most conditions, the mineral that is secreted as skeletal material is known as Aragonite, composed mostly of carbonate and calcium by weight. Reef-building organisms must extract these substances from the surrounding water in order to secrete new skeletal material for growth. By maintaining the same ratio of calcium ions and carbonates in an aquarium as that found in natural seawater, these organisms have the necessary building blocks available in the proper proportions, even if the hobbyist chooses to maintain higher concentrations of these substances. For maximum effectiveness of the Reef Cōde method, the magnesium concentration in reef aquaria should be adjusted to, and maintained between, 1,290 - 1,320 ppm before using these products (alone or together) or any other calcium and alkalinity products. Doing so helps prevent unwanted precipitation between calcium and carbonate ions. Additional information on this subject is available on our website and on the label for Brightwell Aquatics Magnesion. The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation. Once the rate of alkalinity depletion in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. Instructions and Guidelines Basic: Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the alkalinity within a range of 7 - 12 dKH. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,250 US-gallons (4,732 L). When used in equal amounts with Reef Cōde A, the calcium and carbonates being added are in the same ratio found in natural seawater. Do not mix products in the same container; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. Allow 60 seconds to pass between dosing with Reef Cōde A and B. Advanced: Determine the alkalinity in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Shake this product well before each use. Each ml of Brightwell Aquatics Reef Cōde B will increase the alkalinity in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by approximately 2.22 dKH (0.79 meq/L). If the initial alkalinity in the aquarium is below 7 dKH (2.5 meq/L), add this product at the maximum rate of 5 ml per 10 US-gallons daily until the desired alkalinity is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Note that each aquarium has different requirements for calcium and carbonates (which largely constitute Alkalinity or Buffering Capacity, hence pH-stability); therefore, it is not uncommon for unequal amounts of Reef Cōde A and B to be required for obtaining and maintaining the desired calcium concentration and alkalinity. To determine the daily dosing rate for alkalinity maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; divide the daily decrease in alkalinity by 2.22 (when measuring alkalinity by dKH; divide by 0.79 when measuring by meq/L); multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable alkalinity. Caution: Contains carbonate and bicarbonate salts; harmful if swallowed. If swallowed: give water, get medical attention. May cause eye or skin irritation. If in eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes, get medical attention. If on skin, wash thoroughly with water. Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Alkalinity or Buffering Capacity (min) 8,400 dKH (3,000 meq/L) Ingredients: Purified water, inorganic Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, and Borate salts with minor and trace minerals

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Overview Concentrated source of nitrogen, one of the most important plant nutrients, required for growth and long-term health, and utilized primarily in the production of nucleic acids andproteins, accounting for up to 2% of plant tissue dry weight. Nitrogen is present as nitrate, a form appropriate for use in aquaria (ammonium can revert to toxic ammonia in aquaria with pH over 7.0; urea is a source of ammonia). Contains Kelp extract, which provides natural phytohormones found to encourage growth and flowering. Formulated utilizing extensive research on aquatic plant nutrient requirements. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background Nitrogen is required by plants in the largest amounts of the three major (macro) nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Nitrogen is a part of all living cells and is a requisite of the metabolic processes in which proteins, amino acids, coenzymes, and nucleic acids are created. It is an integral part of chlorophyll manufacture through photosynthesis, the process in which light energy is utilized to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, which is in turn used to provide the energy for growth and development. A percentage of the nitrogen in aquaria is contributed as ammonia and ammonium, components of fish waste and the decomposition of nitrogen-bearing molecules, such as latent dissolved and particulate organic material, however this is not always sufficient to meet the nitrogen requirements posed by plants. Particularly in heavily-planted aquaria with intense lighting, CO2 supplementation, and/or a minimal stocking of fish, nitrogen can become a limiting nutrient in plant growth; in extreme cases, it can lead to chlorosis, in which the leaves become pale (particularly on older foliage, which tend to be on the periphery). Nitrogen deficiency tends to cause new leaves to be smaller and paler than normal, and overall plant growth to be stunted. The source of nitrogen utilized in FlorinGro is derived from nitrate compounds. While plants unquestionably make use of ammonium and the constituents of urea very effectively, our experience and extensive research dictate that these compounds be excluded from FlorinGro as a result of the clear danger they pose to fishes and other non-plant aquarium inhabitants when aquarium pH is greater than 7.0; we feel that these nitrogen sources are useful to aquatic botanists and horticulturists, but that they are not suited to use in an aquarium. Nitrogen should primarily be present as nitrate and maintained at a concentration of less than 20 ppm. In addition to nitrogen, magnesium, iron, and potassium are important to chlorophyll production. Maintaining a total iron concentration of 0.05 - 0.10 ppm, magnesium concentration of ~5 ppm, and potassium concentration of 15 - 30 ppm, is recommended. Instructions and Guidelines Shake product well before using. The most effective method of using any ion-specific supplement is to determine the ionic concentration in the aquarium prior to supplementing. Maintain the nitrate concentration within a range of 10 - 20 ppm; it is not recommended to exceed 25 ppm nitrate in planted aquaria housing fishes and invertebrates. Basic: Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 50 US-gallons (189.3 L) of aquarium water every other day or as required; this corresponds to 1 ml (~8 drops) per 10 US-gallons (37.9 L). When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons (9,464 L). Advanced: Determine the nitrate concentration (“[NO3-]”) in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Each ml of FlorinGro will increase the [NO3-] in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by 17.5 ppm. Each drop (250- and 500-ml cap) will increase the [NO3-] in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by 2.2 ppm, and the [NO3-] in 20 US-gallons (75.7 L) by 0.11 ppm. If the initial [NO3-] in the aquarium is below 20 ppm, add this product at the maximum rate of 1 ml per 5 US-gallons daily until the desired concentration is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Always attempt to maintain the [NO3-] within a range of +/-2 ppm. To determine the dosing rate of this product once the desired [NO3-] has been acquired, measure the daily rate of nitrate uptake (i.e. the decrease in nitrate) in your aquarium by measuring the aquarium's [NO3-] at the same time each day over a one- to two-week period. To determine the daily dosing rate (preferable to weekly dosing) for nitrate maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; divide the daily decrease in [NO3-] by 17.5; multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable [NO3-]. Daily dosing maintains a more stable [NO3-] (and more natural environment) than dosing weekly, in which the [NO3-] spikes just after dosing and then gradually decreases throughout the course of the week. Heavily-planted aquaria with intense lighting, CO2 supplementation, and low- to moderate-stocking density of fishes are likely to see the most dramatic results from nitrogen supplementation. Start at a low dosage and increase it as required, but do not overdose regardless of the temptation to do so. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis 1.5-0-0; Total Nitrogen (N) as Nitrate (min) 1.50% (444 mg/oz.; 15,000 ppm) Sources of Nutrients: Sodium nitrate. Other Ingredients: Purified water, Kelp extract.

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Overview Delivers the nutritional benefits of raw garlic to fishes primarily by being applied to their food. Consists solely of preserved extract of raw garlic with a small amount of vitamin-C as a preservative. Does not require refrigeration. Formulated by a marine scientist.  Sizes 30ml | 60ml  Technical Background Brightwell Aquatics Garlic Power consists solely of the preserved extract of raw garlic. Garlic has long been believed by many to have medicinal properties, and clinical research is beginning to support some of the claims that have been made by garlic’s supporters. It was once thought that the active component in garlic was a compound called Allicin, which is formed by the combination of the amino acid Alliin with the enzyme Alliinase that occurs when the garlic is damaged (i.e. cut, processed, bitten, etc.). Research has shown that allicin is unstable and has a very short life, beginning to degrade immediately after formation (a process sped up by exposure to heat; conversely, refrigeration prolongs the life of allicin, though not likely enough to ensure its presence in a garlic extract product); the result of this degradation is a number of compounds called Diallyl Sulphides. These compounds also exhibit beneficial properties, and though not as effective as allicin, their use in medical treatments, and the exact nature of the benefits provided, are the subject of ongoing research. In aquaria, the use of garlic is often associated with improving the health of fishes, particularly in systems experiencing difficulty with parasites. As noted on the opposite panel, this product is not intended for use as a medication. Garlic has also been shown to motivate newly-added and/or finicky fishes to feed; this is accomplished by soaking food in a small amount of garlic extract for several minutes and then feeding, and the results are often very gratifying. Note that while garlic may increase the palatability of foods, this approach should not be thought of as a means to circumvent avoiding the purchase of fish species known to have poor survival records in captivity due to their dietary requirements (i.e. various species of coralivorous butterflyfishes, spongivorous angelfishes, etc.). Always research the dietary and environmental needs of fishes before purchasing and introducing them into an aquarium. Instructions and Guidelines To fortify prepared food (recommended): Shake product well before using. Place food in a clean container such as a small bowl or cup and add only enough Garlic Power to saturate. Allow at least 5 minutes to elapse before feeding, enabling adequate time for the product to become thoroughly absorbed by the food. Liquid food suspensions may be fortified by adding 1.0 ml (approximately 8 drops) Garlic Power per 10 ml of food suspension; stir to mix and allow 5 minutes to elapse before feeding. Maximum benefit of any liquid food suspension is achieved when the food is target-fed to the intended organisms rather than poured into a stream of water and allowed to disperse randomly throughout the aquarium. Over a period of several months, the dosage may be increased by 50% if so desired as long as water quality is monitored and maintained to within the required ranges. Observe water quality carefully at all times, making adjustments as needed. If adding directly to aquarium: Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 50 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day, or add ½ that dosage daily. When used in this fashion, 125 ml treats up to 1,250 US-gallons (4,732 L). Observe water quality carefully at all times, making adjustments as needed.No medicinal claims are made for Garlic Power, however fishes showing signs of ectoparasites may benefit from the addition of garlic to their diet. If ectoparasites are present, Garlic Power may be added to food as recommended and dosed directly into aquarium at ½ the recommended dosage. It is generally recommended that Garlic Power be utilized either as a means of fortifying prepared food or to provide benefit by direct addition to the water, but not both except as noted above. Boosting the nutritional profile of any food: It is always a good idea to add vitamins, minerals and amino acids to any foods your are feeding.  You can also add garlic or other healthy nutritional ingredients.  Brightwell makes the following foods that are great additives, as well as are able to be added directly to the aquarium.   Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Ingredients: Garlic extract, Ascorbic acid

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Overview Provides marine sources of amino acids and omega-3 and -6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). Increases the nutritional value of foods for marine fishes and invertebrates, particularly for fishes that show signs of head and lateral line erosion. May be used to fortify prepared and live foods. Contains no shark-derived ingredients. Composed of a blend of unique marine fish and crustacean sources of proteins and essential fatty acids, as well as important vitamins. Does not require refrigeration. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 60ml | 125ml  Technical Background AminŌmega is a unique blend of amino acids and omega-3 and -6 HUFAs of marine origin, formulated for enrichment of live and prepared foods. It combines the best features of self-emulsifying liquid concentrate products with amino acids present in proportions found in various species of marine fishes. These substances are used by the body to create and repair tissue. While the use of amino acids and omega-3 and -6 HUFAs is primarily to fortify foods to be consumed by fishes, it has also proven effective in increasing the rate of tissue growth in corals, clams, crustaceans, and their respective allies. Fishes that receive a diet deficient in one or more crucial aspects may develop deterioration of the tissue along the lateral line and around the face. As noted, amino acids and omega-3 and -6 HUFAs have been shown to repair tissue damage caused by deficient diet. AminŌmega is a concentrated product and should not be overdosed or added directly to aquarium water; doing so may cause water quality to deteriorate. For fishes that show signs of tissue damage, such as head and lateral line erosion (HLLE), have patience that AminŌmega is providing the necessary amino and omega acids and allow sufficient time to see results; do not be tempted to overdose, as doing so may cause more harm than good by impacting water quality as mentioned above. No medicinal claims are made for AminŌmega, however amino acids and omega-3 and -6 HUFAs have been consistently observed to positively impact tissue generation. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory. AminŌmega does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the stability of the components. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product. Instructions and Guidelines To fortify prepared food: Shake product well before using. Place food in a clean container such as a small bowl or cup and add only enough AminŌmega to saturate. Allow at least 5 minutes to elapse before feeding, enabling adequate time for the product to become thoroughly absorbed by the food. Liquid food suspensions may be fortified by adding 0.5 ml (approximately 4 drops) AminŌmega per 10 ml of food suspension; stir to mix and allow 5 minutes to elapse before feeding. Maximum benefit of any liquid food suspension is achieved when the food is target-fed to the intended organisms rather than poured into a stream of water and allowed to disperse randomly throughout the aquarium. Over a period of several months, the dosage may be increased by 50% if so desired as long as water quality is monitored and maintained to within the required ranges. Note that starting at a low dosage will not cause any harm to the livestock, and will enable you to notice subtle changes in the appearance of the system that indicate the effectiveness and need for the product. Observe water quality carefully at all times, making adjustments as needed. To fortify live food: Shake product well before using. Separate the portion of the live food (such as rotifers, daphnia, brine shrimp, etc.) and place them in a clean vessel without water circulation. Add 1 drop AminŌmega per quart of water in the vessel and stir gently to disperse the droplets throughout, then allow 20 - 40 minutes for the organisms to consume the droplets. Next, strain the organisms from the vessel with a fine-mesh net and gently rinse them over a sink with a small amount of fresh water. Feed the organisms immediately to the aquarium inhabitants. Boosting the nutritional profile of any food: It is always a good idea to add vitamins, minerals and amino acids to any foods your are feeding.  You can also add garlic or other healthy nutritional ingredients.  Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Moisture (max) 78.80%, Crude Protein (min) 0.20%, Crude Fat (min) 20.00%, Crude Fiber (min) 0.00%, Ascorbic Acid (C) 100 mg/oz. (min) Ingredients: Purified water, marine lipids (marine fish and crustacean origin), marine hydrolyzed protein, Ascorbic acid, Thiamine hydrochloride, Niacin, Tocopherol

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Overview Full-spectrum vitamin supplement formulated to benefit marine fishes, corals and other invertebrates, and other marine aquarium inhabitants. Provides a full-complement of vitamins in the same ratios found in the tissues of filter-feeding marine invertebrates, organisms that extract plankton from the surrounding water and gain their nutritional benefit, and which are in turn consumed by many reef inhabitants. Requires no refrigeration. Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 250ml | 500ml Technical Background Vitamins are compounds required in minute concentrations for vital metabolic reactions; the amounts of vitamins required for a given species varies. Short-term vitamin deficiencies can typically be tolerated by most organisms, however long-term deficiencies tend to result in abnormalities, poor health, and eventually even death of the specimen. Conversely, if severely overdosed, ingested vitamins can have a negative impact on a specimen by way of toxicity, though the impact is unlikely to be permanent. Decreasing the vitamin dosage typically results in full recovery of the affected specimen. For these reasons, it is recommended that Vītamarin-M be utilized either as a means of delivering vitamins to aquarium inhabitants through food or by direct addition to the water, but not both. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory. Vītamarin-M does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product. Instructions and Guidelines If using to fortify food (recommended): Place food in a clean container such as a small bowl or cup and add only enough Vītamarin-M to saturate. Allow at least 5 minutes to elapse before feeding, enabling adequate time for the vitamins to become thoroughly absorbed by the food. Liquid food suspensions may be fortified by adding 1 ml (approximately 8 drops) Vītamarin-M per 10 ml of food suspension; stir to mix and allow 5 minutes to elapse before feeding. Maximum benefit of any liquid food suspension is achieved when the food is target-fed to the intended organisms rather than poured into a stream of water and allowed to disperse randomly throughout the aquarium.If adding directly to aquarium water: Begin by adding 2 ml (approximately 16 drops) of Vītamarin-M per 20 US-gallons of water weekly for the first four weeks of use; this corresponds to adding approximately 2 drops per 20 US-gallons each day. Then, gradually increase the weekly dosage to 4 ml per 20 US-gallons over the following four weeks and maintain this dosage. [Note: if using Vītamarin-M in conjunction with Brightwell Aquatics Kōralle-VM, decrease dosages by 50%.] Starting at a low dosage will not cause any harm to the livestock, and will enable you to notice subtle changes in the appearance of the system that indicate the effectiveness and need for the product. Boosting the nutritional profile of any food: It is always a good idea to add vitamins, minerals and amino acids to any foods your are feeding.  You can also add garlic or other healthy nutritional ingredients.  Brightwell makes the following foods that are great additives, as well as are able to be added directly to the aquarium.   Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Vitamin-A Propionate (min): 19.5 IU/oz.; Thiamine (B1) (min): 15.6 mg/oz.; Riboflavin (B2) (min): 15.6 mg/oz.; Niacin (B3) (min): 265.6 mg/oz.; Pantothenic Acid (B5) (min): 39.1 mg/oz.; Pyridoxine (B6) (min): 15.6 mg/oz.; Biotin (B7) (min): 0.8 mcg/oz.; Folic Acid (B9) (min): 2.0 mcg/oz.; Cyanocobalamin (B12) (min): 3.8 mcg/oz.; Ascorbic Acid (C) (min): 359.4 mg/oz.; Cholecalciferol (D) (min): 1,560 IU/oz.; Tocopherol (E) (min): 45.5 IU/oz.; Menadione (K) (min): 0.016 mcg/oz. Ingredients: Purified water, Ascorbic acid, Niacin, dl-a-tocopherol acetate, Calcium pantothenate, Thiamine hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Cholecalciferol, Vitamin-A propionate, Cyanocobalamin, Folic acid, Biotin, Menadione dimethylpyrimidinol

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Overview Super concentrated 15X Suspension of LIVE non-pathogenic microbes, specifically formulated to extremely rapidly establish biological filtration in new aquarium set-ups, and to enhance the rate of nitrification in existing systems. Useful for rapidly re-establishing nitrification bacteria in case of an emergency Particularly useful in aquaria with high population densities and when adding new fish Helpful to re-establish nitrifying bacteria after cleaning rocks and surfaces and after use of medications.1. Rapid reduction of ammonia, and nitrite.2. Prevents “New Tank Syndrome.” Supplied in a proprietary base which provides for maximum longevity Formulated utilizing extensive data compiled by microbiologists. Sizes 250ml | 500ml

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Overview Complete source of the elements and molecules that are directly used by corals, clams, and other reef-building invertebrates and organisms to create skeletal material and grow. Provides calcium (140,000 ppm), strontium, magnesium, and potassium in approximately the same ratios* in which they occur in aragonite. Very strong source of carbonates (derived from aragonite). Increases alkalinity to help stabilize pH. Stronger than competing products. May be used as an inexpensive alternative to automated calcium reactor systems Free of phosphate, silicate, and organic material. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background Brightwell Aquatics Liquid Reef has twice the calcium relative to carbonates as compared to natural aragonite, making it a very powerful calcium source. The active components of Liquid Reef are provided by a combination of sources and include natural aragonite, increasing the solubility of the solution and the effectiveness of the method. Silicate- and phosphate-free. Examples of reef-building organisms familiar to hobbyists are: stony corals and their allies; molluscs including clams (bivalves) and snails (gastropods); tube worms that secrete calcareous burrows; and calcareous algae such as coralline, Halimeda, and Penicilus. These organisms require that the components of aragonite be in adequate concentrations if they are to thrive, regardless of how perfect the remainder of their environment is. The advantage to this method of supplementation is that one product may be used to establish and maintain water parameters conducive to reef formation. Note that target ion-specific supplementation may be called for in some aquaria, depending upon stocking density of reef-building organisms and environmental conditions within the system. Additionally, hobbyists may choose to use Liquid Reef in conjunction with other methods of calcium, strontium, magnesium, and carbonate supplementation as a means of diversifying their dosing routine. The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation. *Aragonite composition is seen to vary slightly between regions; the specific ratios of target ions in Liquid Reef are based upon data available for aragonite originating in the Tropical Atlantic. Instructions and Guidelines Basic: Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 50 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the calcium concentration within a range of 412 - 450 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons (9,464 L). Liquid Reef may temporarily cloud aquarium water after addition, therefore it is recommended that the product be dosed at night. Advanced: Determine the calcium concentration in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Shake this product well before each use. Liquid Reef may temporarily cloud aquarium water after addition, therefore it is recommended that the product be dosed at night. Each ml of Liquid Reef will increase the concentration of calcium (“[Ca2+]”) in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by approximately 37 ppm. If the initial [Ca2+] in the aquarium is below 412 ppm, add this product at the maximum rate of 10 ml per 30 US-gallons daily until the desired calcium concentration is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Always try to maintain the [Ca2+] within a range of +/-10 ppm. To determine the dosing rate of this product once the desired [Ca2+] has been acquired, measure the daily rate of calcium uptake (i.e. the decrease in calcium) in your aquarium by measuring the [Ca2+] at the same time each day over a one- to two-week period. To determine the daily dosing rate (preferable to weekly dosing) for calcium maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; divide the daily decrease in [Ca2+] by 37; multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable [Ca2+]. Daily dosing maintains a more stable [Ca2+] (and more natural environment) than dosing weekly, in which the [Ca2+] spikes just after dosing and then gradually decreases throughout the course of the week. Caution: May cause eye or skin irritation. Flush with water for 15 minutes if in eyes, seek medical attention if irritation persists. Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Calcium (min) 4,140 mg/oz. (140,000 ppm)Carbonate (min) 3,100 mg/oz. (104,800 ppm)Strontium (min) 80 mg/oz. (2,715 ppm)Magnesium (min) 11 mg/oz. (386 ppm)Potassium (min) 0.60 mg/oz. (20.6 ppm) Ingredients: Purified water, Aragonite, Sulfate-, and Chloride-salts of Calcium, Strontium, Magnesium, and Potassium

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Overview The calcium-bearing component of a two-part method for dosing calcium and carbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity(”buffering capacity”)) in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Ionically-balanced with respect to natural seawater concentrations of calcium and carbonates when used in equal amounts with Reef Cōde B. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background This method of calcium and carbonate supplementation is advantageous to hobbyists interested in a simple and effective means of providing the very elements and molecules required for growth of reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, and their allies. Corals and other reef-building organisms require adequate and stable available calcium and alkalinity if they are to thrive, regardless of how perfect the remainder of their environment is. Under most conditions, the mineral that is secreted as skeletal material is known as Aragonite, composed mostly of carbonate and calcium by weight. Reef-building organisms must extract these substances from the surrounding water in order to secrete new skeletal material for growth. By maintaining the same ratio of calcium ions and carbonates in an aquarium as that found in natural seawater, these organisms have the necessary building blocks available in the proper proportions, even if the hobbyist chooses to maintain higher concentrations of these substances. For maximum effectiveness of the Reef Cōde method, the magnesium concentration in reef aquaria should be adjusted to, and maintained between, 1,290 - 1,320 ppm before using these products (alone or together) or any other calcium and alkalinity products. Doing so helps prevent unwanted precipitation between calcium and carbonate ions. Additional information on this subject is available on our website and on the label for Brightwell Aquatics Magnesion. The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation. Once the rate of calcium uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. Instructions and Guidelines Basic: Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the calcium concentration within a range of 412 - 450 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,250 US-gallons (4,732 L). When used in equal amounts with Reef Cōde B, the calcium and carbonates being added are in the same ratio found in natural seawater. Do not mix products in the same container; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. Allow 60 seconds to pass between dosing Reef Cōde A and B. Advanced: Determine the calcium concentration in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Shake this product well before each use. Each ml of Brightwell Aquatics Reef Cōde A will increase the concentration of calcium (“[Ca2+]”) in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by approximately 16 ppm. If the initial [Ca2+] in the aquarium is below 412 ppm, add this product at the maximum rate of 5 ml per 10 US-gallons daily until the desired calcium concentration is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Note that each aquarium has different requirements for calcium and carbonates (which largely constitute Alkalinity or Buffering Capacity, hence pH-stability); therefore, it is not uncommon for unequal amounts of Reef Cōde A and B to be required for obtaining and maintaining the desired calcium concentration and alkalinity. To determine the daily dosing rate for calcium maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; divide the daily decrease in [Ca2+] by 16; multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable [Ca2+]. Caution: May cause eye or skin irritation. Flush with water for 15 minutes if in eyes, seek medical attention if irritation persists. Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Calcium (min) 1,774 mg/oz. (60,000 ppm)Magnesium (min) 42 mg/oz. (1,500 ppm)Strontium (min) 36 mg/oz. (1,200 ppm Ingredients: Purified water, Calcium chloride, Magnesium sulfate, Strontium chloride, Magnesium chloride

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Overview Highly-concentrated and stable iron solution for supplementing aquaria containing hermatypic organisms (i.e. “photosynthetic” or zooxanthellate corals, clams, and theirallies), macroalgae, coralline algae, mangroves, marsh grasses, and other desirable marine algae and plants. Particularly suited to systems outfitted with a refugium or mud system. Stronger than most competing products. Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Formulated by a marine scientist Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background Photosynthesis is carried out within cell bodies known as Chloroplasts. Iron is utilized in the electron transport chain within the chloroplasts, and is therefore required by photosynthetic organisms for continued functioning and health. In marine aquaria, these organisms include macroalgae (such as Caulerpa, Halimeda, and Penicillus spp.), marsh grasses and mangroves, encrusting calcareous algae, and the symbiotic zooxanthellae and zoochlorellae that reside within the tissues of hermatypic corals, clams, and their allies, as well as in some sponges. In effect, the availability of iron becomes a limiting factor in the rate of photosynthesis, and hence the rate of nutrient uptake and growth, for these organisms. While each aquarium will require different concentrations of iron, a good place to begin is within a range of 0.05 - 0.10 ppm; this will generally provide sufficient iron for the photosynthetic organisms present in the system. Some aquaria may require, or benefit from, iron concentrations greater than 0.10 ppm, however greatly exceeding this level is not recommended. The best method of determining the optimal iron concentration for an aquarium is to begin at 0.05 ppm and then gradually (i.e. over a period of weeks) increase the concentration as warranted by the appearance of the aquarium. Phosphate is a substance that encourages growth of algae under the environmental conditions commonly found in marine aquaria, and overdosing iron in the presence of excessive phosphate may result in algal proliferation; for this reason, the concentration of phosphate in a marine aquarium should be maintained as close to immeasurable as possible. The rate at which iron is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of photosynthetic organisms, type of lighting, and other conditions. Once the rate of iron uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. Instructions and Guidelines Basic: Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 50 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the iron concentration within a range of 0.05 - 0.10 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons (9,464 L). Advanced: Determine the iron concentration in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Shake this product well before using. Each ml of Ferrion will increase the concentration of iron (“[Fe3+]”) in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by 1 ppm. It is advisable to ensure that the concentration of phosphate not exceed 0.05 ppm in the aquarium to be dosed with an iron supplement; see opposite sidebar for additional information. If the initial [Fe3+] in the aquarium is below 0.10 ppm, add this product at the maximum rate of 10 ml per 20 US-gallons daily until the desired concentration is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Always attempt to maintain the [Fe3+] within a range of +/-0.02 ppm. To determine the dosing rate of this product once the desired [Fe3+] has been acquired, measure the daily rate of iron uptake (i.e. the decrease in iron) in your aquarium by measuring the aquarium's [Fe3+] at the same time each day over a one- to two-week period. To determine the daily dosing rate (preferable to weekly dosing) for iron maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable [Fe3+]. Daily dosing maintains a more stable [Fe3+] (and more natural environment) than dosing weekly, in which the [Fe3+] spikes just after dosing and then gradually decreases throughout the course of the week. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis 0-0-0Iron (Fe) (min) 0.40% Chelated Iron (118 mg/oz.; 4,000 ppm) Ingredients: Purified water, Sodium feredetate

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Overview All-Natural, botanical extract remedy for the treatment of a broad spectrum of bacterial infections in marine fish. Treats open sores, ulcerations, body slime, redness in fins and body, cloudy eyes and tail and fin rot. Rapidly promotes the regrowth of damaged skin tissue and fin and tail loss due to disease and stress. Stimulates fish’s immune system to prevent disease and help fight off existing infections. When used as directed: Safe for all marine fish (including sharks, rays, seahorses, and eels) and marine invertebrates including delicate corals, clams, anemones, and shrimp. Will not adversely affect the biological filter as seen with traditional antibiotic usage. Does not alter water parameters. Do not overdose.  Read guidelines below Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background The outbreak of disease within the marine aquarium can result in major fish losses if left untreated. Disease typically occurs when a fish’s immune system becomes weakened due to stress – poor water quality, poor diet, sudden changes in environment, along with injury due to shipping or fighting are sources of stress. Bacterial infections are one of the commonly encountered diseases of marine fish. Pathogenic bacteria attack the skin tissue of marine fish, quickly reproduce, and left untreated will lead to fish loss.Bacterial infections will typically present themselves as visible ulcers, open sores, cloudy or protruding eyes, tail and fin rot, mouth fungus, and redness within the fins, tail, and body of the fish. Conventionally, antibiotics have been used to treat these infections. Over time, the bacteria species have developed natural immunity to the antibiotics used to treat the infections generating poor treatment results and increased fish loss. Brightwell Aquatics Fish Recover M is an All-Natural, botanical extract not an antibiotic.Not only will Fish Recover M attack and eliminate the bacterial infection but it will also aid in the regrowth of skin tissue lost due to the disease. Early diagnosis is key followed by immediate treatment to minimize fish loss. To further aid in improving fish health, add Brightwell Aquatics Vitamarin-C, a concentrated Vitamin C supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Vitamin-C is well known as a natural immune stimulator. Instructions & Guidelines Note:  Koral Recover and Marine Fish Recover have the same basic ingredients.  Do not use them simultaneously on the same aquarium.  To do so, will overdose the aquarium!  Do not use this product without a functioning protein skimmer!  Important: You must closely observe corals during the entire use of this product! Failure to do so, can allow overdose and corals can be damaged if you overdose! You may notice temporary coral polyp retraction when the product is initially added, as corals are highly sensitive to any sudden changes to their immediate habitat. It is not unusual, after 3 to 5 days of use, for corals to close up or cloudiness to appear indicating overdosing. If this happens, then increase skimmer foam production and perform a 25% water change. If corals still remain closed, then slow or discontinue use until corals re-open and cloudiness disappears. Re-install carbon to reduce level of medication in the system. Signs of overdose are corals not opening and excess cloudiness.  Note:  This product treats bacterial infections, not parasites!  It does not treat marine ich nor Oodinium.  Shake product well before using. For best results, add product to an area of strong water flow to efficiently disperse throughout the aquarium. For Disease Treatment: Add 5 ml (1 capful on 500 ml bottle) of Fish Recover M per every 10 gallons of aquarium water. Add daily at the recommended dosage for a total of 7 days to effectively eliminate the disease.  Skimmer must be kept running during the treatment.  For optimal results, remove activated carbon, chemical filtration resins as they will remove the active ingredients. It is common to see excess foaming within the protein skimmer following treatment. Empty the skimmer collection cup as necessary and adjust for normal foam production.  Allow some wet foam.  A 25% water change is recommended after the 7-day treatment cycle. Subsequent dosing can be implemented if disease signs remain after initial treatment cycle.  Do not use without a skimmer! Prophylactic use: Add 1 capful 5 mL (1 capful on 500 ml bottle) of Fish Recover M for every 10 gallons of aquarium water for 3 days any time new fish are added to your aquarium. This prophylactic dose will aid the prevention of disease outbreaks.  If corals remain closed, then do a 25% water change Brightwell Aquatics Fish Recover M is designed to be used directly in the aquarium or quarantine system. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. If in eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes. If irritation continues, seek medical attention. If ingested, contact a poison control center. Not for human consumption or use on fish or invertebrates for human consumption!

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Overview Highly-concentrated ionic potassium solution. Provides potassium, an important component of aragonite (the mineral secreted as skeletal material by corals and other reef-building marine organisms), complexed into pigments that enhance blue coloration of some small-polyp stony corals, important to proper neurological function, and depleted in marine aquaria by livestock. 80,000 ppm K; considerably stronger and more economical than competing  potassium products. May be used to combat potassium depletion that often accompanies the use of zeolite-based filtration methods employed to maintain ultra-low-nutrient aquaria. Free of phosphate, silicate, and organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background In natural seawater, potassium is a non-conservative major element with a concentration slightly lower than that of calcium (~399 ppm vs. ~413 ppm, respectively). It is a component of aragonite, and regular dosing has, within the past several years, been implicated in improving the blue coloration of numerous varieties of small-polyp stony corals; the benefits of potassium supplementation are potentially two-fold, then: provision of an element that is 1.) incorporated into the skeletal material of corals and other reef-buidling organisms for purposes of growth, and 2.) incorporated into pigments that (presumably in the presence of adequate ionic iron) enhance blue coloration of small-polyp stony corals. The importance of potassium to marine organisms is most apparent when beginning to dose it in aquaria with depleted potassium concentrations and/or in which the sea salt mixture used is potassium-deficient; in such cases, changes in the appearance of many corals may be observed within the first weeks of regular dosing. Maintaining potassium within a range of 390 - 410 ppm is sufficient for long-term health, growth, and coloration of corals when all other physical and chemical requirements are met. The rate at which potassium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of potassium-depleting livestock, characteristics of lighting and method(s) of filtration employed, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of potassium supplementation. Once the rate of potassium uptake in the aquarium has been determined (see opposite), the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in marine aquaria, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build. Instructions and Guidelines Note that the natural seawater concentration of potassium is ~399 ppm; maintaining the potassium concentration in marine aquaria as closely to this value as possible is recommended. Basic: Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 50 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the potassium concentration within a range of 390 - 410 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons(9,464 L). Advanced: Determine the potassium concentration in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Shake this product well before each use. Each ml of Potassion will increase the concentration of potassium (“[K+]”) in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by approximately 21 ppm. If the initial [K+] in the aquarium is below 390 ppm, add this product at the maximum rate of 10 ml per 20 US-gallons daily until the potassium concentration measures between 390 - 410 ppm, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Always try to maintain the [K+] within a range of +/-10 ppm. To determine the dosing rate of this product once the desired [K+] has been acquired, measure the daily rate of potassium uptake (i.e. the decrease in potassium) in your aquarium by measuring the [K+] at the same time each day over a one- to two-week period. To determine the daily dosing rate (preferable to weekly dosing) for potassium maintenance: estimate the volume of water in the entire aquarium system; divide the daily decrease in [K+] by 21; multiply this number by the volume of water in the system to get the daily dosage required (ml) to maintain a stable [K+]. Daily dosing maintains a more stable [K+] (and more natural environment) than dosing weekly, in which the [K+] spikes just after dosing and then gradually decreases throughout the course of the week. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. Guaranteed Analysis Potassium (min) 2,366 mg/oz. (80,000 ppm) Ingredients: Purified water, Potassium sulfate, Potassium chloride.

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Overview Next-generation, enhanced activated carbon, offering superior chemical filtrationcharacteristics to traditional activated carbon. Triple-action removes ammonia, chloramines, and latent organic material, and thenfacilitates decomposition and oxidation/reduction reactions, enhancing oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and promoting water quality. Features high capacity for organic removal, high Iodine number, and minimal dust. Average particle size encourages optimal flow and effectiveness. Sizes 225g  Technical Background  “Activated carbon” is a catch-all name for products that may be derived from coal, wood, or coconut shell, and which have undergone treatment (“activation”) to increase their porosity; the porosity and average pore size of the material is largely responsible for the effectiveness that it will have with regards to removing dissolved organic material from water and vapor. Contrary to claims made by manufacturers/suppliers of activated carbon, trace and minor elements are both actively- and passively-removed by any quality activated carbon; in the case of the former, this is due to gaps in the pores that are partially blocked by large molecules, into which trace and minor elements can pass and become trapped, and in the case of the latter, this is a result of these elements being trapped in binding sites on the large organic molecules, themselves, which are then removed by the carbon. Therefore, supplementation of trace and minor elements should take place after carbon use. Some hobbyists prefer to utilize activated carbon in their aquaria on a full-time basis, while others choose to employ it only when attempting to remove some sort of undesirable substance, such as an abundance or organic material or a medication. There are arguments to support both methods of use, therefore it is up to each individual hobbyist to determine what will work best for their aquaria. In general, freshwater aquaria, which do not have the benefit of protein skimming, can benefit from full-time use of activated carbon, whereas marine aquaria employing protein skimming may benefit more from only occasional carbon use.  Instructions and Guidelines Prior to first use, rinse under a stream of fresh water. Each 225 g of CARBONĪT-X3 is suited to efficiently filtering up to 225 US-gallons (~852 L) of water. The method in which CARBONĪT-X3 is employed will dictate reaction time with the water and consequently the rate at which organic material will be extracted; therefore, the greater the reaction time between carbon particles and water, the faster this process will occur. See opposite panel for additional instructions. Instructions and Guidelines: The use of a mechanical pre-filter to remove particulate organic material from water prior to its interaction with this media will prolong effectiveness. Begin with 1g per 20 US-gallons in the system per week and adjust this ratio as conditions dictate. In high-nutrient aquaria, replace after 24-hours of total use; placement in lower-nutrient aquaria may be extended up to 48-hours of total use. Aquarist may choose to employ CARBONĪT-X3 for 1 - 2 hours each day throughout the course of a 1-month period to help improve water quality. If used in this fashion, CARBONĪT-X3 should be discarded and replaced at the conclusion of each month. Regardless of the method of application, slowing the flow of water through the media will improve its effectiveness. Canister filtration: Load carbon into filter cartridge as directed by filter manufacturer. Passive filtration: Place CARBONĪT-X3 loosely in an 800μm mesh filter bag and locate in an area of low- to medium-flow. Turning bag over once during usage will serve to shift the carbon particles and increases effectivness of this method. Note: CARBONĪT-X3 is not a tradtitional form of activated carbon; it is far more effective per unit mass at removing dissolved organic material, and while it may be employed continuously, aquarists may prefer a traditional form of activated carbon, such as Brightwell Aquatics CARBONĪT-P, for general use. CARBONĪT-P rapidly removes latent organic material from aquaria, however cannot remove ammonia and chloramines, and does not directly facilitate higher ORP as CARBONĪT-X3 does. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. 

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Overview Immediately improves water quality in all manner of aquaria by enhancing the rate of particulate and dissolved organic material decomposition, enabling the constituents to be more effectively removed with protein skimming, activated carbon, and other means of biological and chemical filtration. Safe for use with all fishes, invertebrates, and plants. Particularly useful: in heavily-stocked, heavily-fed aquaria; during "hiccups" in waterquality in which the elevated concentration of organic material in the aquarium would negatively impact the health of the inhabitants. Reacts completely; leaves no residual. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background At some time, most aquarists will experience a situation in which a sudden spike in the amount of dissolved and/or particulate organic material in an aquarium poses a significant risk to the health of the aquarium inhabitants. Fundamentally, all aquarium inhabitants, regardless of their purchase price, abundance, or origin should be cared for with the same attention to maintaining water quality, but there is little question that an aquarist who has invested massive resources in fishes, invertebrates, and/or plants stands to lose a considerable deal if water quality degrades to the point in which these organisms begin to perish. The typical approach to correct this problem is to employ a large-scale water change and activated carbon or similar means of chemical filtration to help remove the substances responsible for water quality degradation. However, there are times when employing these methods will not work fast enough. Similarly, if the bioload of the aquarium is significantly increased by the addition of new inhabitants, a spike in the concentration of organic material can ensue that will negatively impact the health of all inhabitants in the system. RedoxIclean is a useful tool for hobbyists wishing to support the existing biological and chemical filtration while it adjusts to an increase in bioload and/or the concentration of organic material in an aquarium (whether intentional or accidental). It performs this task by immediately reacting with latent (non-living) organic material and breaking it down at a molecular level, making it more readily removable for biological and chemical filtration. Most experienced aquarium hobbyists learn to "expect the unexpected"; having a bottle of RedoxIclean on hand can help lower the impact of, and in some cases avoid, organic-related problems to such an extent that pre-existing filtration is able to gradually adjust and compensate for any residual latent organic material. It is helpful to monitor the ORP in an aquarium, particularly in heavily-stocked systems (regardless of their overall volume); a sudden and unusual decrease in the ORP essentially indicates that the concentration of organic material in the aquarium has increased above normal levels. Such an increase usually results in elevated ammonia and phosphate concentrations; left unchecked, the aquarium inhabitants and display will begin to suffer. Instructions and Guidelines Read instructions completely before use. Do not overdose. RedoxIclean improves water quality by raising the redox potential (ORP) in the aquarium. Do not use: in systems lacking adequate latent organic material to react with; in systems less than 30-days old; within 12-hours of performing a water change of more than 25% of the total system volume; in aquaria that are dosed with a "time-release" iodine supplement (such as Brightwell Aquatics Iodion; Lugol's is safe to use with this supplement. If you are unsure as to whether the iodine you are using has this feature, contact the supplement's manufacturer for details.).; in aquaria actively employing chelated copper medications; in aquaria employing chelated iron for plant supplementation. Remove activated carbon from system prior to use, and discontinue ozone use for 7 days prior to addition of RedoxIclean to a system. Wait two days after addition of new livestock before using RedoxIclean in the system. Use RedoxIclean of may temporarily discolor water a shade of magenta, which will then become tea-colored as organic material is oxidized; the water will gradually become clear afterwards. Use of activated carbon after dosing RedoxIclean will speed the clarifying process. Do not allow ORP to exceed ~450 mV. To neutralize immediately, add an equal volume of Erase-Cl to the system in an area of high water flow.Marine Aquaria: Add up to 15 drops (~0.75 ml) per 50 US-gallons (189 L) twice daily at intervals of at least 12 hours, for up to 10 consecutive days. If invertebrates appear to close their polyps or shells, then decrease dosage by 50% and employ for up to 20 consecutive days. Allow at least 7 days before re-dosing. Freshwater Aquaria: Add up to 15 drops (~0.75 ml) per 25 US-gallons (94.6 L) once daily for up to 7 consecutive days. Allow at least 7 days before re-dosing. In general, relatively-high ORP is associated with good water quality; the converse is generally true of relatively-low ORP. If the source of excess organic material impacting the system's water quality is known or readily accessible and removable, it should be physically-removed from the system (and not left to decompose) as quickly as possible to facilitate the fastest improvement in water quality. Note that although RedoxIclean will immediately begin reacting with organic material to lessen its' impact on the aquarium inhabitants, it should not be thought of as a "silver bullet" that will cure all problems associated with a sudden, massive spike in organics; it is highly unlikely that any single approach, aside from making an immediate large-scale water change and removing all visible traces of latent particulate organic material, will accomplish this task before a negative impact on aquarium inhabitants is noticed. Therefore, no warranties, implied or otherwise, are made as to the ability of this supplement to prevent the associated impact on inhabitants that is the result of poor water quality. Ultimately, it is up to each hobbyist to properly care for their aquaria. This includes limiting the rate of input of nutrients such as phosphate. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. If in eyes, flush for 15 minutes with water, including under eyelids. If ingested, give large quantities of water. Contact a physician immediately. Wash off of skin immediately; contact with skin or organic fibers will result in a stain. Ingredients: Proprietary blend of manganese salts.

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Overview All-Natural, herbal frag dip to accelerate coral recovery and growth after fragging. Helps prevent disease transfer into the aquarium. Reduces coral stress following fragging. Stimulates regrowth of coral tissue that is needed due to fragment cutting. Safe for all coral varieties, soft, LPS and SPS. Effective prophylactic treatment prior to adding frags into the aquarium. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background Over the past several decades, there has been a tremendous increase in reports of coral disease affecting wild reefs. These same coral diseases can also have a negative impact on the home reef aquarium systems and the corals that are kept. Coral diseases can rapidly lead to significant losses of coral specimens in the reef aquarium. These diseases can affect a wide range of corals including Small polyp stony corals (SPS), Large polyp stony corals (LPS) along with soft coral. Less than optimal water quality, poor lighting, coral warfare, along with tissue damage due to handling and / or injury occurring in the aquarium can lead to sudden outbreaks of coral disease.These diseases may have a sudden impact, with specimen loss almost overnight, or may slowly progress over time. Ultimately, the presence of a coral disease in the reef aquarium will lead to coral specimen loss. It is vital that disease identification takes place, treatment implemented, and the root cause of the outbreak eliminated to prevent additional infections and spreading to other coral specimens within the aquarium.Brightwell Aquatics Frag Recover is an All-Natural, coral dip that will not only treat the affected coral but will help stimulate regrowth of lost coral tissue caused by the disease infection.  Caution: Prior to fragging, research the proper fragmentation procedures for the specific coral specimens to be cut, to insure optimal success and overall safety. Wear eye goggles, and rubber gloves because some marine invertebrates can squirt toxic bodily fluids into your face when cut. The fragmentation of corals has become a common practice within the hobby of marine reef keeping. Fragging, as it is commonly called, is simply cutting off a small portion of a parent coral colony and creating additional specimens – frags. This practice allows reef hobbyists to attain desirable coral specimens at a fraction of the cost or to share with other hobbyists while reducing impact on natural reef systems. Fragmenting corals is generally a safe process for the corals but still creates some level of stress on both the parent colony and the newly fragmented piece. The exposed areas, at the cutting site, are more susceptible to infections and overall stress. Regrowth of coral tissue over the newly exposed area is key to the coral frag recovery. Brightwell Aquatics Frag Recover will support the recovery process by aiding in the regrowth of tissue over the exposed, cut areas on both the parent colony and the frag. This will also limit exposure to infection and/or infestation by coral predators and make the fragging process more successful. Instructions & Guidelines Shake product well before using. To prepare the Frag Recover coral frag dip solution, add 20 mL (4 capfuls ) of Frag Recover to 1/2 gallon (1.9 L) of aquarium water. Stir solution to evenly disperse product. Make enough solution to cover corals. After the selected coral has been cut, place the fragged piece along with the parent colony into the prepared Frag Recover frag dip solution for 5 minutes (use a timer). It is recommended that the solution be gently forced over the cut areas by (gently) squirting prepared solution with a turkey baster over the targeted areas. After the dip has completed, place the parent colony back into the aquarium. The new coral frag should now be glued or bonded to a solid surface to maximize grow out potential and prevent turning over. Attach the new coral frag to Brightwell Aquatics HexiDiscs (ideal surface area for frag growth) using a reef-safe glue or epoxy as directed. The new coral frag can now be added to the grow-out system (assuming like conditions of the main aquarium) or the main aquarium itself. It will be common for both parent colony and the new coral frag to exhibit diminished polyp extension until they are re-adjusted to the aquarium. Frag Recover is only designed to be used as a dip outside the aquarium.Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption. If ingested, contact a poison control center. Not for use on fish or invertebrates for human consumption!

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Overview Reconstitutes Reverse Osmosis, Deionized or Distilled Water for freshwater aquarium use.  Adds minerals that have been removed by those filtration methods. Establishes an optimal mineral balance in water that has been purified (e.g. reverse osmosis, deionization, etc.) or is exceedingly-soft (e.g. well water in forested regions) for all freshwater community aquaria, as well as for freshwater biotope aquaria housing fishes indigenous to forested and/or riverine habitats. Provides a beneficial ratio of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, elements which are vital to the overall health and osmoregulation of fishes, invertebrates, andmany aquatic plants. May be used to establish water parameters conducive to the husbandry of freshwater fishes, plants, and invertebrates in aquaria filled with purified water, to replenish depleted elemental concentrations in aquaria that rarely receive a water change, and to re-establish beneficial mineral concentrations in aquaria following large water changes. Sizes 250ml | 500ml  Technical Background Fishes and aquatic plants and invertebrates require that specific elements be present in the water to aid with osmotic balance and ensure proper biochemical function, contributing to overall long-term health and survival. Remineralīz fulfills this requirement with a formulation based on data compiled from up-to-date aquatic research.Calcium is required for blood clotting, bone formation, and several metabolic processes in fish, and is required for cell wall stability/permeability and enzymatic processes in plants. Potassium and Sodium are of extreme importance to fishes, as they are required for proper neurological and muscular functioning. Potassium is also required for protein synthesis, water and charge balance, and enzyme activation in plants. Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll and is utilized in enzyme activation. Sulfur is a component of proteins and the coenzymes that are involved with nutrient utilization and growth.Silicon, as silica, is an important component of plant cells, helping increase their strength and improving root growth, and acts as a buffer against pH shift. Note that TDS and GH are not measuring the same ionic concentrations, and therefore they do not necessarily have a direct conversion; GH is related to the sum of divalent cations (predominantly calcium and magnesium) in solution, whereas TDS (total dissolved solids) measures the concentration of conductive substances in solution. This information is provided for reference purposes only. In general, aquatic habitats located in forested regions have a relatively-low concentration of dissolved inorganic substances, hence the general hardness and TDS are also low. Remineralīz is formulated to adjust water chemistry in aquaria housing fishes and plants indigenous to nearly every aquatic habitat, however it is recommended that Rift Lake Chemie be used to remineralize purified water meant for use in aquaria housing fishes from the East African Rift Lakes, as it has been formulated specifically for that purpose. Instructions and Guidelines Consult a reference book listing the water chemistry requirements of the fishes and/or plants being maintained to determine the optimal range of GH and/or TDS. Remember to adjust pH and temperature of the water prior to adding it into an aquarium housing live organisms. Determine GH and/or TDS in the aquarium prior to treating purified water with Remineralīz, then follow directions below accordingly. Shake bottle well before each use. To increase GH/TDS in a pre-established aquarium: Dose up to 5 ml Remineralīz per 20 US-gallons per hour until desired GH/TDS value is attained. Changes to water chemistry, regardless of the parameter being adjusted, should always be done gradually rather than rapidly. When preparing water for a water change: For every 10 US-gallons of water to be changed, add 5 ml (~1 capful) Remineralīz to purified water or tap water and mix thoroughly. Assuming a starting GH and TDS of 0, this will result in an increase of ~3.0 dGH and ~86 ppm, respectively. When employed at this dosing rate, 500 ml treats 1,000 US-gallons (3,785 L). When preparing water for a new aquarium set up: Always adjust the water chemistry prior to adding live organisms to the aquarium. If setting up a planted aquarium and placing the plants into the substrate prior to completely filling the aquarium, adjust the GH, KH, pH, and temperature of the water in a separate vessel (e.g. in a large, clean pail or vat) before adding it to the aquarium. Do not add a large volume of purified water to the aquarium and then attempt to adjust the water chemistry afterwards, as this will be stressful to the inhabitants. Use the Advanced Instructions to calculate the amount of Remineralīz that will be required to bring about the desired change in GH/TDS to the volume of water to be used. Advanced Instructions: Each ml of Remineralīz will increase the GH and TDS in 1 US-gallon of water by 6 dGH and 173 ppm, respectively. To obtain a specific GH and/or TDS value, divide the desired change in GH by 6 (or if TDS is preferred, divide the desired change in TDS by 173), then multiply this number by the net volume of water (in gallons) in the aquarium. Example: if the GH in 20 US-gallons is to be increased by 4 dGH, then add 16 ml Remineralīz (4 ÷ 6 = 0.8 ml per gallon; 0.8 ml per gallon x 20 gallons = 16 ml). Caution: May cause eye or skin irritation. If in eyes, flush with water for 15 minutes, get medical attention. If on skin, wash thoroughly with water. Keep out of reach of children. Ingredients: Balanced monovalent and multivalent cation mixture with appropriate anions and trace minerals, along with buffering compounds to replicate natural waters.

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